1Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, München D-80333, Germany
2Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
3ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
4Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abstract
Recently, tremendous progress has been made in the field of quantum science and technologies: different platforms for quantum simulation as well as quantum computing, ranging from superconducting qubits to neutral atoms, are starting to reach unprecedentedly large systems. In order to benchmark these systems and gain physical insights, the need for efficient tools to characterize quantum states arises. The exponential growth of the Hilbert space with system size renders a full reconstruction of the quantum state prohibitively demanding in terms of the number of necessary measurements. Here we propose and implement an efficient scheme for quantum state tomography using active learning. Based on a few initial measurements, the active learning protocol proposes the next measurement basis, designed to yield the maximum information gain. We apply the active learning quantum state tomography scheme to reconstruct different multi-qubit states with varying degree of entanglement as well as to ground states of the XXZ model in 1D and a kinetically constrained spin chain. In all cases, we obtain a significantly improved reconstruction as compared to a reconstruction based on the exact same number of measurements and measurement configurations, but with randomly chosen basis configurations. Our scheme is highly relevant to gain physical insights in quantum many-body systems as well as for benchmarking and characterizing quantum devices, e.g. for quantum simulation, and paves the way for scalable adaptive protocols to probe, prepare, and manipulate quantum systems.
Featured image: The active learning protocol.
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[1] M. Schuyler Moss, Sepehr Ebadi, Tout T. Wang, Giulia Semeghini, Annabelle Bohrdt, Mikhail D. Lukin, and Roger G. Melko, “Enhancing variational Monte Carlo using a programmable quantum simulator”, arXiv:2308.02647, (2023).
[2] Abigail McClain Gomez, Susanne F. Yelin, and Khadijeh Najafi, “Reconstructing Quantum States Using Basis-Enhanced Born Machines”, arXiv:2206.01273, (2022).
[3] Matjaž Kebrič, Umberto Borla, Ulrich Schollwöck, Sergej Moroz, Luca Barbiero, and Fabian Grusdt, “Confinement induced frustration in a one-dimensional mathbf{mathbb{Z}_2} lattice gauge theory”, New Journal of Physics 25 1, 013035 (2023).
[4] Katherine Van Kirk, Jordan Cotler, Hsin-Yuan Huang, and Mikhail D. Lukin, “Hardware-efficient learning of quantum many-body states”, arXiv:2212.06084, (2022).
[5] Ruidi Zhu, Ciara Pike-Burke, and Florian Mintert, “Active Learning for Quantum Mechanical Measurements”, arXiv:2212.07513, (2022).
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[7] Yongcheng Ding, José D. Martín-Guerrero, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, and Xi Chen, “Active Learning in Physics: From 101, to Progress, and Perspective”, arXiv:2307.03899, (2023).
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The above citations are from SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2023-10-10 02:12:34). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.
On Crossref’s cited-by service no data on citing works was found (last attempt 2023-10-10 02:12:32).
This Paper is published in Quantum under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. Copyright remains with the original copyright holders such as the authors or their institutions.
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